Geography for UPSC

Geography for Civil Services UPSC

Geomorphology (Earth’s Structure & Landforms)
  • the origin of the universe
  • solar system
  • origin and evolution of the earth
  • geological history of earth and geological time scales
  • latitudes
  • longitudes
  • motions of the earth and their impact, etc.
  • Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift Theory
  • Earthquakes, Volcanoes & Associated Landforms
  • Weathering, Erosion & Mass Movement
  • Landforms Created by Oceans
  • Landforms Created by Rivers
  • Landforms Created by Wind
  • Landforms Created by Glaciers
Climatology (Weather & Climate)
  • Structure & Composition of Atmosphere
  • Heat Budget of Earth & Temperature Distribution
  • Pressure Belts, Winds, and Jet Streams
  • Cyclones (Tropical & Temperate)
  • Monsoons & Indian Climate
  • El Niño, La Niña & Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
  • Precipitation & Types of Rainfall
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Oceanography (Oceans & Coastal Features)
  • Ocean Floor Features
  • Oceanic Circulation(Temperature and Salinity)
  • Ocean Currents & Their Impact
  • Waves, Tides & Marine Resources
  • Coral Reefs – Types & Distribution
  • Tsunamis – Causes & Effects
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Biogeography (Ecosystems & Environment)
  • Major Biomes of the World
  • Soil Types & Soil Erosion
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Efforts
  • Environmental Degradation
  • Climate Change
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Economic Geography
Population & Settlement Geography
  • World Population- Growth & Distribution
  • Migration- Causes & Consequences
  • Urbanization – Trends & Issues
  • Rural & Urban Settlements
Physical Features of India
  • Geological Structure of India
  • Physiographic Divisions – Himalayas, Indo-Gangetic Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands
  • Drainage System – Himalayan & Peninsular Rivers
  • Climate of India – Factors, Seasons, Monsoons
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Indian Resources & Economic Geography
  • Soil Types in India & Soil Conservation
  • Agriculture – Major Crops, Cropping Patterns, Irrigation
  • Green Revolution & Allied Sectors (Livestock, Fisheries, Horticulture)
  • Mineral & Energy Resources in India
  • Industrial Regions & Major Industries
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Human & Urban Geography of India
  • Population – Growth, Distribution, Density, Demographic Dividend
  • Urbanization – Smart Cities, Challenges, Solutions
  • Tribal Areas & Regional Disparities
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Environmental Geography & Disaster Management
  • Forests & Wildlife – Conservation Efforts
  • Climate Change – Impacts on India
  • National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Ramsar Sites
  • Disaster Management – Earthquakes, Floods, Droughts, Cyclones, Landslides
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