General Science
General Science

Physics
Mechanics
- Motion and its types
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Force, Mass, Weight
- Work, Power, and Energy
- Friction and its effects
Heat and Thermodynamics
- Temperature and its measurement
- Heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
- Thermal expansion
- Effects of heat
Light and Optics
- Nature and properties of light
- Reflection and Mirrors
- Refraction and Lenses
- Human eye and defects of vision
- Dispersion of light (rainbow)
Sound
- Nature and propagation of sound
- Speed of sound in different media
- Reflection and echo
- SONAR and Ultrasonics
- Human ear and hearing mechanism
Electricity and Magnetism
- Electric charge and current
- Ohm’s Law, Resistance, and Conductors
- Series and parallel circuits
- Heating and Magnetic effects of current
- Magnetism, Electromagnetism
- Electric bell, Generator, Transformer
Chemistry
Matter and Its Nature
- States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
- Physical and chemical changes
- Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- Separation techniques
Atomic Structure
- Structure of atom
- Electrons, protons, neutrons
- Atomic number and mass number
- Isotopes and isobars
Dalton’s atomic theory
Bohr’s model of atom
Electronic configuration
Periodic Table
- Mendeleev’s Periodic Law
- Modern Periodic Table and Classification of Elements
- Groups and Periods – Characteristics
Chemical Bonding and Reactions
- Types of chemical bonds: Ionic, Covalent
- Chemical equations and balancing
- Types of chemical reactions
Acids, Bases and Salts
- Properties and examples of acids and bases
- pH scale and indicators
- Neutralization and everyday examples
Common salts and their uses (baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder)
Metals and Non-Metals
- Physical and chemical properties
- Alloys and their uses
- Reactivity series
Extraction of metals
Corrosion and prevention
Carbon and its Compounds
- Hydrocarbons and their types
- Alcohols, acids, soaps and detergents
- Uses of carbon compounds
Biology
Cell Biology
- Cell structure and function
- Differences between plant and animal cells
- Cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis
Human Body Systems
- Digestive System
- Respiratory System
- Circulatory System
- Excretory System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Skeletal System
Nutrition and Health
- Nutrients and Balanced Diet
- Diseases: Communicable and Non-Communicable
- Immunity and Vaccination
- Common diseases and their prevention
Plant Biology
- Photosynthesis
- Parts of plants and their functions
- Reproduction in plants
Genetics and Evolution
- Mendel’s laws
- Basics of heredity
- Darwin’s theory of natural selection
- Chromosomes, DNA, and genes
- Sex determination in humans
Microorganisms
- Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa
- Uses and harms
- Fermentation, Antibiotics
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