General Science

General Science

General science for competitive exams
Physics
Mechanics
  • Motion and its types
  • Newton’s Laws of Motion
  • Force, Mass, Weight
  • Work, Power, and Energy
  • Friction and its effects
Heat and Thermodynamics
  • Temperature and its measurement
  • Heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
  • Thermal expansion
  • Effects of heat
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Light and Optics
  • Nature and properties of light
  • Reflection and Mirrors
  • Refraction and Lenses
  • Human eye and defects of vision
  • Dispersion of light (rainbow)
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Sound
  • Nature and propagation of sound
  • Speed of sound in different media
  • Reflection and echo
  • SONAR and Ultrasonics
  • Human ear and hearing mechanism
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Electricity and Magnetism
  • Electric charge and current
  • Ohm’s Law, Resistance, and Conductors
  • Series and parallel circuits
  • Heating and Magnetic effects of current
  • Magnetism, Electromagnetism
  • Electric bell, Generator, Transformer
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Chemistry
Matter and Its Nature
  • States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
  • Physical and chemical changes
  • Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
  • Separation techniques
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Atomic Structure
  • Structure of atom
  • Electrons, protons, neutrons
  • Atomic number and mass number
  • Isotopes and isobars
  • Dalton’s atomic theory

  • Bohr’s model of atom

  • Electronic configuration

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Periodic Table
  • Mendeleev’s Periodic Law
  • Modern Periodic Table and Classification of Elements
  • Groups and Periods – Characteristics
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Chemical Bonding and Reactions
  • Types of chemical bonds: Ionic, Covalent
  • Chemical equations and balancing
  • Types of chemical reactions
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Acids, Bases and Salts
  • Properties and examples of acids and bases
  • pH scale and indicators
  • Neutralization and everyday examples
  • Common salts and their uses (baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder)

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Metals and Non-Metals
  • Physical and chemical properties
  • Alloys and their uses
  • Reactivity series
  • Extraction of metals

  • Corrosion and prevention

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Carbon and its Compounds
  • Hydrocarbons and their types
  • Alcohols, acids, soaps and detergents
  • Uses of carbon compounds
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Biology
Cell Biology
  • Cell structure and function
  • Differences between plant and animal cells
  • Cell division: Mitosis and Meiosis
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Human Body Systems
  • Digestive System
  • Respiratory System
  • Circulatory System
  • Excretory System
  • Nervous System
  • Reproductive System
  • Skeletal System
Nutrition and Health
  • Nutrients and Balanced Diet
  • Diseases: Communicable and Non-Communicable
  • Immunity and Vaccination
  • Common diseases and their prevention
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Plant Biology
  • Photosynthesis
  • Parts of plants and their functions
  • Reproduction in plants
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Genetics and Evolution
  • Mendel’s laws
  • Basics of heredity
  • Darwin’s theory of natural selection
  • Chromosomes, DNA, and genes
  • Sex determination in humans
Microorganisms
  • Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa
  • Uses and harms
  • Fermentation, Antibiotics
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