Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

SCO stands for Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. It is a political, economic, and security alliance founded to promote regional cooperation and stability. Permanent intergovernmental international organization established in 2001.

Members

Shanghai Five included Russia, China, Kazakhstan. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan
New members: Uzbekistan (2001), India (2017), Pakistan(2017), Iran (2023), Belarus(2024)
Two observer states: Afghanistan and Mongolia

Objectives

To foster mutual trust and friendship among member states
Promote cooperation in various fields such as politics, trade, economy, and culture
Ensure regional peace and stability
Advocate for a fair and democratic international political and economic order

Administrative Set-up

The supreme decision-making body of the SCO is the Council of Heads of States (CHS) and meets once every year
The Council of Heads of Government (CHG) is the second-highest council in the organization
SCO has two standing bodies:
Secretariat: HQ-Shanghai, headed by Secretary General, term of appointment: 3 years
Regional Anti-terrorist Structure (RATS): HQ-Tashkent, headed by Director, term: 3 years

Facts

Officials languages of SCO: Russian and Chinese
Summits: 2023-India, 2024-Kazakhstan, 2025- China
SCO covers:
- 24% area of the world
- 65% area of Eurasia
- 42% of world population
- GDP at 23% of the global GDP
- GDP(PPP) at 36% of the global GDP

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